Over the years, AutoCAD has recommended several methods for laying out drawings. You need to know about these methods, and need to understand the new tools they recommend for many reasons. If you work with old drawing files, they may have been laid out using an old method and you may have to update them to use model space and paper space. If your office is upgrading from very early versions of AutoCAD, chances are good that you won't be using layouts or paper space to layout drawings currently. Your design/drafting team has to decide if you will begin using the new tools, or teach every new employee how to layout drawings the way you do now. If you go to work for another company, chances are good that they will use layouts to create plottable drawings. To maximize your employability, you need to master the new tools.
When AutoCAD was first released, Autodesk asked users to create giant borders and title blocks around objects drawn at real world scales.
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For example, you might draw a football stadium, then create a title block roughly 600' x 384' around the football stadium, with letters more than 8' tall. When you plotted the drawing you would specify the relationship between units in the drawing and units on the printed page. For example, you might say that 1" plotted was equal to 16' feet in the drawing. This would plot the drawing at 1/16"=1'.
In later releases, Autodesk introduced model space and paper space. In effect, every AutoCAD drawing came with two drawing environments. You would create your objects at full size in model space. Then you would move into paper space, where you would draw your border and title block at full size.
You might have a football stadium in model space, but in paper space you would have a 36"x24" piece of paper. You would "cut holes" in paper space to let views of the geometry in model space show through. This let users plot drawings that showed multiple views of their objects at a variety of scales. On the other hand, you couldn't create multiple "paper spaces" showing multiple layouts in a single drawing file. Many users also found the large number of commands you had to use to layout a drawing awkward.
In AutoCAD 2000 and later releases, users were allowed to have multiple "paper spaces" (called layouts) in their drawings. This lets you plot several sheets based on a single AutoCAD drawing file. The following image shows geometry created in model space displayed within a title block residing on a layout.
It is important to note that some Autodesk now use layouts to display 3D views of your models. For example, one layout might display a top view and a 3D isometric view while another might display a reflected ceiling plan. Selecting a layout displays the related views.
Laying out drawings in AutoCAD using Model Space & Layouts is relatively easy. You draw objects at full size in model space and display views of those objects in paper space.
The general procedure for laying out a drawing is as follows:
First: Select the Model tab, if it is not already selected.
Second: Draw your objects at full scale, which means that you draw a line that is 100 meters long in the real world using a 100 meter line in AutoCAD.
Third: After you draw your design geometry in model space, select a Layout tab and draw your border and title block in paper space.
Fourth: Use the VPORTS command to create "holes", called viewports, in paper space that show your design geometry.
Fifth: From the View menu, select 3D Views, then specify the view or views you want to see. For example, you may want to display a plan or Top view of your geometry, or an isometric view.
Sixth: To specify the scale of a viewport, right-click on its edge and choose Properties. Select one of the standard scales, or specify a custom scale if desired.
Take time to experiment with AutoCAD Model Space & Layout tools. You will find these tools are very user friendly when you understand how they were meant to be used.
Article Source: http://technology.ezinemark.com/learning-autocad-plotting-drawings-with-model-space-paper-space-13d0493f0f.html
Read more: http://technology.ezinemark.com/learning-autocad-plotting-drawings-with-model-space-paper-space-13d0493f0f.html#ixzz1IBRsaIEw
Under Creative Commons License: Attribution No Derivatives
Thursday, March 31, 2011
Friday, March 18, 2011
Perspective - How to Draw PerspectivePerspective - How to Draw Perspective
Learn to Draw Perspective Step by Step
By Helen South, About.com Guide
.See More About:perspective drawingbeginner drawing
.An understanding of perspective drawing is important no matter what subject you choose. It's easier than you think. Just start at the beginning, follow the examples, then progress to the next lesson when you are comfortable. Don't be afraid to experiment with perspective drawing. Your eyes will tell you when something looks right or wrong. Have fun!
1. Simple Boxes in One Point Perspective
H South, licensed to About.com, Inc.Learning to draw simple boxes in one point perspective is a great introduction to 'three d' perspective drawing. Because the shapes are simple, you can easily see if you've made a mistake. Follow along with this lesson to draw our own three-d boxes using one point linear perspective.
By Helen South, About.com Guide
.See More About:perspective drawingbeginner drawing
.An understanding of perspective drawing is important no matter what subject you choose. It's easier than you think. Just start at the beginning, follow the examples, then progress to the next lesson when you are comfortable. Don't be afraid to experiment with perspective drawing. Your eyes will tell you when something looks right or wrong. Have fun!
1. Simple Boxes in One Point Perspective
H South, licensed to About.com, Inc.Learning to draw simple boxes in one point perspective is a great introduction to 'three d' perspective drawing. Because the shapes are simple, you can easily see if you've made a mistake. Follow along with this lesson to draw our own three-d boxes using one point linear perspective.
Monday, March 14, 2011
2D CAD DRAWING & DRAFTING
2D CAD Drawing and Drafting services from India targets Mechanical Engineers, Process Engineers, Manufacturers, Automobile engineers, Fabricators, Designers & Consultants all over the Globe.
We provide from sketches to detailed drawings and sections of all types of mechanical parts, assemblies including sheet metal parts, Vessels, Steel Structures, Ducting and Piping of all kinds of boilers and Chemical Process Plants.
Click on Thumbnail to Enlarge
top
3D CAD MODELING
Our Mechanical Engineering CAD team can create your product concept from free hand sketches / drawings to an intelligent digital prototype utilizing various 3D software. We undertake 3D modeling assignments for various Automotive parts, Heavy Engineering Equipment, consumer durable items. Perspective views can be created from any desired angle.
Click on Thumbnail to Enlarge
top
ASSEMBLY DRAWINGS & MECHANICAL SHOP DRAWINGS
We provide 2D CAD drawings and 3D CAD models of all types of mechanical assemblies including section drawings with labeling etc..
Click on Thumbnail to Enlarge
top
PAPER TO CAD CONVERSION, RE-DRAFTING
Our offshore Cad team specializes in precision conversion services for mechanical engineering drawings/design. Our services include manual re-drafting, digitization, database development and programming. We have converted just about every type of mechanical drafting / design : part, assembly drawing , fabrication drawing , automotive, shop floor drawings etc.
We convert velum or paper copies of drawings and raster images into 100% CAD geometry incorporating labeling & 2D - 3D layering and Cad standards.
Click on Thumbnail to Enlarge
Input
(Paper, Legacy documents, Sketches, Scanned images:-jpg,tif,bmp,gif,etc.)
Output
(AutoCAD, MDT, SolidWorks, Adventure Format )
top
REVERSE ENGINEERING
We undertake reverse engineering jobs and develop new products and remodel existing ones. We create CAD models based on data from white light/laser scanning of prototypes. Comparison of physical model with CAD model is done.
If you ship us your component we can scan it and create a 3D CAD Model which can then be used for manufacturing or for casting.
We provide from sketches to detailed drawings and sections of all types of mechanical parts, assemblies including sheet metal parts, Vessels, Steel Structures, Ducting and Piping of all kinds of boilers and Chemical Process Plants.
Click on Thumbnail to Enlarge
top
3D CAD MODELING
Our Mechanical Engineering CAD team can create your product concept from free hand sketches / drawings to an intelligent digital prototype utilizing various 3D software. We undertake 3D modeling assignments for various Automotive parts, Heavy Engineering Equipment, consumer durable items. Perspective views can be created from any desired angle.
Click on Thumbnail to Enlarge
top
ASSEMBLY DRAWINGS & MECHANICAL SHOP DRAWINGS
We provide 2D CAD drawings and 3D CAD models of all types of mechanical assemblies including section drawings with labeling etc..
Click on Thumbnail to Enlarge
top
PAPER TO CAD CONVERSION, RE-DRAFTING
Our offshore Cad team specializes in precision conversion services for mechanical engineering drawings/design. Our services include manual re-drafting, digitization, database development and programming. We have converted just about every type of mechanical drafting / design : part, assembly drawing , fabrication drawing , automotive, shop floor drawings etc.
We convert velum or paper copies of drawings and raster images into 100% CAD geometry incorporating labeling & 2D - 3D layering and Cad standards.
Click on Thumbnail to Enlarge
Input
(Paper, Legacy documents, Sketches, Scanned images:-jpg,tif,bmp,gif,etc.)
Output
(AutoCAD, MDT, SolidWorks, Adventure Format )
top
REVERSE ENGINEERING
We undertake reverse engineering jobs and develop new products and remodel existing ones. We create CAD models based on data from white light/laser scanning of prototypes. Comparison of physical model with CAD model is done.
If you ship us your component we can scan it and create a 3D CAD Model which can then be used for manufacturing or for casting.
Friday, March 11, 2011
Get Rid Of Old Dimensioning Once And For All
This is the first article in a series of four articles.
F-R-E-E. Written by Jos van Doorn. To get the other
articles. Send a blank e-mail to:
mailto:dim@aweber.com
I guess you already know about drawing dimensions.
There are a lot of dimensions you can draw in AutoCAD.
But new features have been added.
Today I'm going to talk about the arc length feature.
You can measure the length of an arc. Using a
dimension.
Suppose we have an arc in a drawing. And we want to
measure the length of the arc. We want to add the
length to the drawing.
This is how we do it. We click on Dimension in the menu
bar and on Arc Length in the pull down menu. This
prompt is displayed:
Select arc or polyline arc segment:
We select the arc that we have got. After the selection
of the arc this prompt is displayed:
Specify arc length dimension, or [Mtext/Texct/Angle/
Partial/Leader]:
Between the square brackets are the options that we've
got. I'm not going into the options. I just want to
pick a point for the arc length dimension.
As I move the cursor. You can see that the length is
already displayed. There is number. And there is also a
symbol. The arc length symbol.
I must tell something more. I must tell about the
number and I must tell about the arc symbol. We can
change it if we want.
Open the Dimension Style Manager. We can create out own
dimension style or we can modify the existing dimension
style.
Let's modify the existing dimension style. We click on
the Modify button. The Modify Dimension Style dialog
box is displayed.
The dialog box has got seven tabs. We click on the
Arrows and Symbols tab. Now we can set how the arc
length symbol is displayed.
In the dialog box is the Arc length symbol area. In the
area there are three options. The following three
options:
- Preceding dimension text
- Above dimension text
- None
You can have the arc length symbol placed before the
length of the arc. Or preceding the length of the arc.
Or you can have it above the length of the arc.
You can also select that no arc length symbol is
displayed.
The number gives the length of the arc. We can do
something with the number of decimals in the length.
Click on the Primary Units tab.
You'll find the Linear dimensions area. Behind
Precision you can set what precision is to be used. No
decimal places or a number of places.
The units of the length. That depends on what units
have been selected for the drawing. You could change it
over the Units command.
This is what I wanted to say about the arc length
feature of the dimensions command. Next I would like to
talk about jogged dimensions.
About the author:
Jos van Doorn. Has written many AutoCAD articles. Find
them here:
http://autocad-articles.blogspot.com/
Bio:
Jos van Doorn. AutoCAD specialist and AutoLISP
programmer. Also writer AutoCAD books and AutoCAD
articles. Find them here:
F-R-E-E. Written by Jos van Doorn. To get the other
articles. Send a blank e-mail to:
mailto:dim@aweber.com
I guess you already know about drawing dimensions.
There are a lot of dimensions you can draw in AutoCAD.
But new features have been added.
Today I'm going to talk about the arc length feature.
You can measure the length of an arc. Using a
dimension.
Suppose we have an arc in a drawing. And we want to
measure the length of the arc. We want to add the
length to the drawing.
This is how we do it. We click on Dimension in the menu
bar and on Arc Length in the pull down menu. This
prompt is displayed:
Select arc or polyline arc segment:
We select the arc that we have got. After the selection
of the arc this prompt is displayed:
Specify arc length dimension, or [Mtext/Texct/Angle/
Partial/Leader]:
Between the square brackets are the options that we've
got. I'm not going into the options. I just want to
pick a point for the arc length dimension.
As I move the cursor. You can see that the length is
already displayed. There is number. And there is also a
symbol. The arc length symbol.
I must tell something more. I must tell about the
number and I must tell about the arc symbol. We can
change it if we want.
Open the Dimension Style Manager. We can create out own
dimension style or we can modify the existing dimension
style.
Let's modify the existing dimension style. We click on
the Modify button. The Modify Dimension Style dialog
box is displayed.
The dialog box has got seven tabs. We click on the
Arrows and Symbols tab. Now we can set how the arc
length symbol is displayed.
In the dialog box is the Arc length symbol area. In the
area there are three options. The following three
options:
- Preceding dimension text
- Above dimension text
- None
You can have the arc length symbol placed before the
length of the arc. Or preceding the length of the arc.
Or you can have it above the length of the arc.
You can also select that no arc length symbol is
displayed.
The number gives the length of the arc. We can do
something with the number of decimals in the length.
Click on the Primary Units tab.
You'll find the Linear dimensions area. Behind
Precision you can set what precision is to be used. No
decimal places or a number of places.
The units of the length. That depends on what units
have been selected for the drawing. You could change it
over the Units command.
This is what I wanted to say about the arc length
feature of the dimensions command. Next I would like to
talk about jogged dimensions.
About the author:
Jos van Doorn. Has written many AutoCAD articles. Find
them here:
http://autocad-articles.blogspot.com/
Bio:
Jos van Doorn. AutoCAD specialist and AutoLISP
programmer. Also writer AutoCAD books and AutoCAD
articles. Find them here:
Thursday, March 10, 2011
Wednesday, March 2, 2011
The Importance of Technical Drawing to an Engineer
By Brad Painting, eHow Contributor
Image from advanced CAD program
Image from advanced CAD program
Image by Flickr.com, courtesy of Jeremy Levine
Without technical drawings, engineering would be a discipline of enormous guesswork. Technical drawings allow engineers to create designs, calculate forces and stresses on structures, and work with manufacturers. The ability to understand and work with technical drawings will not make someone a good engineer, but it is a necessary skill on the way to becoming adept in the profession.
Creating Designs
1. Engineers often create original designs that must be presented to others. Even if you can make a drawing understandable to yourself, it will not be readable to others if it does not follow the conventions of technical drawing. Engineers may design machine parts, composite structures or circuits that will involve the collaboration of several people. It is fine to sketch your basic ideas by hand while creatively brainstorming, but the details of the design must eventually be cemented into a format that is mutually understood.
Reading Designs
2. Engineers may not actually create designs, but analyze or perform calculations on them. A common example involves the calculation of the maximum stress on a machine part. By gathering the materials, geometry, and forces on a part from an engineering drawing, the engineer runs calculations to determine whether it will fail due to internal shear, compressive or tensile stresses.
Modifying Designs
3. Designs are rarely perfect the first time around, and usually involve an iterative process of modifying several factors. An engineer may work with a team by modifying the dimensions, geometry, materials or couplings to meet goals for safety, value and functionality. As an example, an engineer might be given the task of reducing the weight of an object by 5 percent without detracting from its functionality. A technical drawing is the only way to show exactly how the design would change.
Manufacturing
4. A technical drawing can give machine operators information on how to manufacture an item. It is the engineer's responsibility to create the design in a way that does not call for excessively difficult or complex manufacturing processes. An engineering drawing should contain sufficient views and acceptable surface finishes, tolerances and geometries to be manufactured with the available equipment.
Computer Software
5. Technical drawings are created and modified through a number of computer-aided design programs, such as AutoCAD and SolidWorks. These programs have long moved past cutting-edge status and are now practically considered a standard part of an engineer's skill set. To use these programs effectively, one must understand the different line types, views, dimensions and information included in technical drawings.
Drafting Tablewww.goodly.com.tw/e-index.htm
Drafting Machine.Table.Stand.Board Parallel Straightedges
Read more: The Importance of Technical Drawing to an Engineer | eHow.com http://www.ehow.com/about_5692099_importance-technical-drawing-engineer.html#ixzz1FVbxGZ3a
Image from advanced CAD program
Image from advanced CAD program
Image by Flickr.com, courtesy of Jeremy Levine
Without technical drawings, engineering would be a discipline of enormous guesswork. Technical drawings allow engineers to create designs, calculate forces and stresses on structures, and work with manufacturers. The ability to understand and work with technical drawings will not make someone a good engineer, but it is a necessary skill on the way to becoming adept in the profession.
Creating Designs
1. Engineers often create original designs that must be presented to others. Even if you can make a drawing understandable to yourself, it will not be readable to others if it does not follow the conventions of technical drawing. Engineers may design machine parts, composite structures or circuits that will involve the collaboration of several people. It is fine to sketch your basic ideas by hand while creatively brainstorming, but the details of the design must eventually be cemented into a format that is mutually understood.
Reading Designs
2. Engineers may not actually create designs, but analyze or perform calculations on them. A common example involves the calculation of the maximum stress on a machine part. By gathering the materials, geometry, and forces on a part from an engineering drawing, the engineer runs calculations to determine whether it will fail due to internal shear, compressive or tensile stresses.
Modifying Designs
3. Designs are rarely perfect the first time around, and usually involve an iterative process of modifying several factors. An engineer may work with a team by modifying the dimensions, geometry, materials or couplings to meet goals for safety, value and functionality. As an example, an engineer might be given the task of reducing the weight of an object by 5 percent without detracting from its functionality. A technical drawing is the only way to show exactly how the design would change.
Manufacturing
4. A technical drawing can give machine operators information on how to manufacture an item. It is the engineer's responsibility to create the design in a way that does not call for excessively difficult or complex manufacturing processes. An engineering drawing should contain sufficient views and acceptable surface finishes, tolerances and geometries to be manufactured with the available equipment.
Computer Software
5. Technical drawings are created and modified through a number of computer-aided design programs, such as AutoCAD and SolidWorks. These programs have long moved past cutting-edge status and are now practically considered a standard part of an engineer's skill set. To use these programs effectively, one must understand the different line types, views, dimensions and information included in technical drawings.
Drafting Tablewww.goodly.com.tw/e-index.htm
Drafting Machine.Table.Stand.Board Parallel Straightedges
Read more: The Importance of Technical Drawing to an Engineer | eHow.com http://www.ehow.com/about_5692099_importance-technical-drawing-engineer.html#ixzz1FVbxGZ3a
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